The search query into the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and ScienceDirect enabled selection of research papers addressing the issue of asteroid hyalosis published in English between 1963 and January 2014. Asteroid hyalosis is a degenerative condition of the vitreous in which small, creamy or white, spherical particles (asteroid bodies) are randomly diffused within the vitreous. They consist mainly of calcium and phosphorus and have a structure of hydroxy lapatite. In 80.2-92.0% of cases the condition affects one eye only and it occurs in 0.36-1.96% of population, mostly in patients over 50 years of age and in males. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are systemic risk factors, but asteroid hyalosis is postulated to occur more often in retinitis pigmentosa and Leber amaurosis caused by mutations in lecithin retinol acyltransferase gene. Asteroid hyalosis also causes calcification of some intraocular lenses--mostly silicone ones. Vitreous of patients with asteroid hyalosis shows reduced gel liquefaction and anomalous vitreoretinal adhesion.