Prediction of Nociceptive Responses during Sedation by Linear and Non-Linear Measures of EEG Signals in High Frequencies

PLoS One. 2015 Apr 22;10(4):e0123464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123464. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

The level of sedation in patients undergoing medical procedures evolves continuously, affected by the interaction between the effect of the anesthetic and analgesic agents and the pain stimuli. The monitors of depth of anesthesia, based on the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), have been progressively introduced into the daily practice to provide additional information about the state of the patient. However, the quantification of analgesia still remains an open problem. The purpose of this work is to improve the prediction of nociceptive responses with linear and non-linear measures calculated from EEG signal filtered in frequency bands higher than the traditional bands. Power spectral density and auto-mutual information function was applied in order to predict the presence or absence of the nociceptive responses to different stimuli during sedation in endoscopy procedure. The proposed measures exhibit better performances than the bispectral index (BIS). Values of prediction probability of Pk above 0.75 and percentages of sensitivity and specificity above 70% were achieved combining EEG measures from the traditional frequency bands and higher frequency bands.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia*
  • Electroencephalography*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nociception*
  • Nonlinear Dynamics*
  • Pain / physiopathology
  • Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Grants and funding

CICYT grant TEC2010-20886, the Research Fellowship Grant FPU AP2009-0858 from the Spanish Government, the End of Residency Award of Hospital CLINIC de Barcelona (XB) and the FIS (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Health Department, Government of Spain) grants n° PI/050072 and PS09/01209 (PLG). The authors confirm that Quantium Medical only provided support in the form of salaries for authors MJ, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.