Treatment delay is associated with more episodes and more severe illness staging progression in patients with bipolar disorder

Affiliations

• ¹ Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine-CNPq, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Post Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
• ² Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
• ³ Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Departamento de Neurociências, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.
• ⁴ Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine-CNPq, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Post Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
• ⁵ Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine-CNPq, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Post Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
• ⁶ Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine-CNPq, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Post Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: clarissasgama@gmail.com.