NONO regulates the intra-S-phase checkpoint in response to UV radiation

Oncogene. 2016 Feb 4;35(5):567-76. doi: 10.1038/onc.2015.107. Epub 2015 Apr 20.

Abstract

The main risk factor for skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) exposure, which causes DNA damage. Cells respond to UV-induced DNA damage by activating the intra-S-phase checkpoint, which prevents replication fork collapse, late origin firing and stabilizes fragile sites. Recently, the 54-kDa multifunctional protein NONO was found to be involved in the non-homologous end-joining DNA repair process and in poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 activation. Interestingly, NONO is mutated in several tumour types and emerged as a crucial factor underlying both melanoma development and progression. Therefore, we set out to evaluate whether NONO could be involved in the DNA-damage response to UV radiations. We generated NONO-silenced HeLa cell clones and found that lack of NONO decreased cell growth rate. Then, we challenged NONO-silenced cells with exposure to UV radiations and found that NONO-silenced cells, compared with control cells, continued to synthesize DNA, failed to block new origin firing and impaired CHK1S345 phosphorylation showing a defective checkpoint activation. Consistently, NONO is present at the sites of UV-induced DNA damage where it localizes to RAD9 foci. To position NONO in the DNA-damage response cascade, we analysed the loading onto chromatin of various intra-S-phase checkpoint mediators and found that NONO favours the loading of topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 acting upstream of the ATM and Rad3-related kinase activity. Strikingly, re-expression of NONO, through an sh-resistant mRNA, rescued CHK1S345 phosphorylation in NONO-silenced cells. Interestingly, NONO silencing affected cell response to UV radiations also in a melanoma cell line. Overall, our data uncover a new role for NONO in mediating the cellular response to UV-induced DNA damage.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA Repair
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / genetics
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / metabolism
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / physiology*
  • Octamer Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Octamer Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Octamer Transcription Factors / physiology*
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / physiology*
  • S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / genetics
  • S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / physiology*
  • S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / radiation effects*
  • Transfection
  • Ultraviolet Rays

Substances

  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • NONO protein, human
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins
  • Octamer Transcription Factors
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • DNA