Emergency department evaluation and treatment of acute hip and thigh pain

Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2015 May;33(2):327-43. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2014.12.006. Epub 2015 Jan 28.

Abstract

Although the incidence of hip fractures is decreasing, the overall prevalence continues to increase because of an aging population. People older than 65 suffer fractures at a rate of 0.6% per year--2% per year for persons older than 85. One in 5 patients suffering a hip fracture will die within a year. Additionally, the emergency physician must consider entities such as avascular necrosis, compartment syndrome, and muscular disruption. This article reviews patterns and complications of acute hip and thigh injuries and clinically relevant diagnostic, anesthetic, and treatment options that facilitate timely, appropriate, and effective emergency department management.

Keywords: Avascular necrosis; Emergency medicine; Hip dislocation; Hip fracture; Hip pain; Tourniquet; Ultrasound.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Pain / diagnosis
  • Acute Pain / etiology*
  • Acute Pain / therapy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Emergency Service, Hospital*
  • Femoral Fractures* / complications
  • Femoral Fractures* / diagnosis
  • Femoral Fractures* / therapy
  • Hip Dislocation / complications
  • Hip Dislocation / diagnosis
  • Hip Dislocation / therapy
  • Hip Fractures* / complications
  • Hip Fractures* / diagnosis
  • Hip Fractures* / therapy
  • Humans
  • Musculoskeletal Diseases* / diagnosis
  • Musculoskeletal Diseases* / therapy