Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen that widely colonizes in the human gastric mucosa, and is associated with various gastric diseases. Recently, much attention has been aroused on the relationship between H. pylori infection and autophagy. Accumulating evidence suggests that H. pylori can induce autophagy in gastric epithelial cells and professional phagocytes. Both the virulent factors of H. pylori and host autophagic proteins have been demonstrated to affect H. pylori-induced autophagy. Besides, the process of autophagy plays an important role in determining the intracellular fate of H. pylori. Here, we review the impact of H. pylori infection on autophagy of different cells.