The cochlear implant became a very successful method of hearing rehabilitation for patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss. The benefits of the CI extend beyond the medical success and positively influence social and psychosocial areas, reflected by an improved HRQoL. Furthermore, variety of studies demonstrated that the tinnitus severity improves in 46-95 % of cases following the cochlear implantation. However, the parameters investigated in such studies are not always standardized or addressed by validated questionnaires, which explains the high outcome variation between the studies. The relationships between HRQoL and tinnitus distress before and after cochlear implantation have not been well studied. Nevertheless, it is believed that the improvement in HRQoL following CI affects particularly tinnitus.However, an existing tinnitus can also worsen or occur for the first time after the surgery. Since neither tinnitus frequency nor tinnitus loudness correlate with the tinnitus-induced distress, the measurement of HRQoL, distress factors, stress reactions and psychiatric comorbidities appears to be the meaningful assessment of positive or negative effects of CI on tinnitus.Initial studies demonstrated that also patients with unilateral hearing loss may benefit from CI supply, as shown by an improvement in HRQoL and reduction of tinnitus-induced distress. For those patients, who despite CI implantation experience severe tinnitus, there is an option of tinnitus-specific CI-fitting and tinnitus-specific therapy with psychosomatic and psychological approaches, and- in addition- a treatment of possible mental comorbidities.