Western Nile fever (WNF) is an arboviral infection of the most relevance to the Volgograd Region. The observed decreasing incidence of WNF in 2001-2006, 2008, and 2009 and a decline in the number of its severe forms are only suggestive of the temporary regression of the epidemic process in the Volgograd Region. There are prerequisites and forerunners for a complication of the epidemiological Western Nile fever situation in the Volgograd Region. The goal of the epidemiological survey of Western Nile fever is to provide necessary and sufficient information for the analysis of the epidemiological situation and to define a line of public health policy and actions when making managerial decisions.