Background & aim: Mechanisms of non-responsiveness to peginterferon alfa-2a are not completely understood. Inadequate plasma levels may contribute to reduced response. The aim of this prospective, multicentre, crossover, Phase 1 study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and viral kinetics of intravenous vs. subcutaneous peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C infection who showed null response to previous peginterferon/ribavirin.
Methods: Patients were randomized in four treatment arms to subcutaneous or intravenous peginterferon alfa-2a 180 μg, once or twice weekly for 2 weeks. After a washout phase of 6 weeks, patients first receiving intravenous administration switched to subcutaneous or vice versa for additional 2 weeks.
Results: Intravenous administration of pegylated interferon resulted in a stronger and faster decline in HCV RNA than subcutaneous administration with a maximum decline of 1.17 log10 vs. 0.41 log10 or 1.32 log10 vs. 0.54 log10 after a once or twice weekly application, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed significantly higher maximum concentration (C(max))(0-12) h and C(max 0-7) d following intravenous administration, irrespective of dosing frequency A rapid rebound in HCV RNA was observed in all treatment arms. Adverse events occurred more frequently following intravenous administration.
Conclusion: Intravenous administration of peginterferon alfa-2a results in considerably higher plasma concentration and a stronger decline in HCV RNA and offers an interesting approach in order to overcome interferon non-responsive state in patients with full null response to previous peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy.
Keywords: crossover study; interferon; null response; viral dynamics.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.