Cytomegalovirus immune evasion of myeloid lineage cells

Med Microbiol Immunol. 2015 Jun;204(3):367-82. doi: 10.1007/s00430-015-0403-4. Epub 2015 Mar 17.

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) evades the immune system in many different ways, allowing the virus to grow and its progeny to spread in the face of an adverse environment. Mounting evidence about the antiviral role of myeloid immune cells has prompted the research of CMV immune evasion mechanisms targeting these cells. Several cells of the myeloid lineage, such as monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages, play a role in viral control, but are also permissive for CMV and are naturally infected by it. Therefore, CMV evasion of myeloid cells involves mechanisms that qualitatively differ from the evasion of non-CMV-permissive immune cells of the lymphoid lineage. The evasion of myeloid cells includes effects in cis, where the virus modulates the immune signaling pathways within the infected myeloid cell, and those in trans, where the virus affects somatic cells targeted by cytokines released from myeloid cells. This review presents an overview of CMV strategies to modulate and evade the antiviral activity of myeloid cells in cis and in trans.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / genetics
  • Apoptosis / immunology
  • Cell Adhesion / immunology
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis
  • Cytomegalovirus / immunology*
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections / genetics
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections / immunology*
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections / metabolism*
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections / virology
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immune Evasion*
  • Immunomodulation
  • Interferons / metabolism
  • Macrophages / immunology
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Monocytes / immunology
  • Monocytes / metabolism
  • Myeloid Cells / immunology*
  • Myeloid Cells / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition
  • Interferons