1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Hsing St, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, 222 Maijin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua First Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Hsing St, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan. Electronic address: ylchan@cgmh.org.tw.