Abstract
Abundant reports have shown that there is a strong relationship between C3 and C3a-desArg levels, adipose tissue, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The data indicate that complement components, particularly C3, are involved in lipid metabolism. The C3 fragment, C3a-desArg, functions as a hormone that has insulin-like effects and facilitates triglyceride metabolism. Adipose tissue produces and regulates the levels of complement components, which promotes generation of inflammatory initiators such as the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. The anaphylatoxins trigger a cyto/chemokine response in proportion to the amount of adipose tissue present, and induce inflammation and mediate metabolic effects such as insulin resistance. These observations support the concept that complement is an important participant in lipid metabolism and in obesity, contributing to the metabolic syndrome and to the low-grade inflammation associated with obesity.
Keywords:
Apolipoproteins; C3; C3a-desArg; Metabolic syndrome (MetS); Obesity.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adipose Tissue / immunology*
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Adipose Tissue / metabolism
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Adipose Tissue / pathology
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Apolipoproteins / genetics
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Apolipoproteins / immunology
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Apolipoproteins / metabolism
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Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics
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Cardiovascular Diseases / immunology*
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Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism
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Cardiovascular Diseases / pathology
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Complement C3a / genetics
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Complement C3a / immunology*
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Complement C3a / metabolism
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Complement C5a / genetics
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Complement C5a / immunology
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Complement C5a / metabolism
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Diabetes Mellitus / genetics
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Diabetes Mellitus / immunology*
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Diabetes Mellitus / metabolism
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Diabetes Mellitus / pathology
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Insulin Resistance / immunology
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Lipid Metabolism / immunology*
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Metabolic Syndrome / genetics
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Metabolic Syndrome / immunology*
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Metabolic Syndrome / metabolism
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Metabolic Syndrome / pathology
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Obesity / genetics
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Obesity / immunology*
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Obesity / metabolism
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Obesity / pathology
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Receptors, Complement / genetics
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Receptors, Complement / immunology
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Receptors, Complement / metabolism
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Risk Factors
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Triglycerides / genetics
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Triglycerides / immunology
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Triglycerides / metabolism
Substances
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Apolipoproteins
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Receptors, Complement
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Triglycerides
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complement C3a, des-Arg-(77)-
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Complement C3a
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Complement C5a