Immune evasion is recognized as a key strategy for survival and progression of several cancer entities including non-small cell lung cancer. Hence, various approaches to restore anti-tumor immune responses are currently investigated. In particular, agents targeting immune checkpoint receptors, such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 receptor and programmed death-1 receptor have shown promise in early clinical trials. With multiple studies under way, there are high expectations that treatment outcomes in patients with lung cancer who are ineligible for complete surgical resection may be improved with the incorporation of immunotherapies in the various treatment cascades.
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