The feasibility of using irreversible electroporation to introduce pores in bacterial cellulose scaffolds for tissue engineering

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Jun;99(11):4785-94. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-6445-0. Epub 2015 Feb 18.

Abstract

This work investigates the feasibility of the use of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in the biofabrication of 3D cellulose nanofibril networks via the bacterial strain Gluconacetobacter xylinus. IRE uses electrical pulses to increase membrane permeability by altering the transmembrane potential; past a threshold, damage to the cell becomes too great and leads to cell death. We hypothesized that using IRE to kill the bacteria at specific locations and particular times, we could introduce conduits in the overall scaffold by preventing cellulose biosynthesis locally. Through mathematical modeling and experimental techniques, electrical effects were investigated and the parameters for IRE of G. xylinus were determined. We found that for a specific set of parameters, an applied electric field of 8 to 12.5 kV/cm, producing a local field of 3 kV/cm, was sufficient to kill most of the bacteria and create a localized pore. However, an applied electric field of 17.5 kV/cm was required to kill all. Results suggest that IRE may be an effective tool to create scaffolds with appropriate porosity for orthopedic applications. Ideally, these engineered scaffolds could be used to successfully treat osteochondral defects.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Cellulose / chemistry*
  • Cellulose / metabolism*
  • Electroporation*
  • Gluconacetobacter / metabolism*
  • Microbial Viability
  • Nanofibers / chemistry*
  • Tissue Engineering / methods*
  • Tissue Scaffolds*

Substances

  • Cellulose