[Functional impairment, fear of falling and body composition in institutionalized elderly]

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze changes in the aging process of institutionalized elderly over a 24 months period, including physical condition, fear of falling, and body composition.

Method: A longitudinal, analytic and prospective study was implemented in 3 residential care homes for seniors. Data were collected using a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Rikli and Jones Senior Fitness Test, handgrip dynamometry and bioelectric impedance. The Portuguese version of the Falls Efficacy Scale was used for measure fear of falling.

Results: Fifty-one institutionalized elderly (82.5 ± 7.4 years) were included. In the 24 months analysis period, functional decline was observed (P<.05) in tests: sit to stand, harm curl, sit and reach and Up and Go. In average falls occurred 1.7 times. Were observed a decrease of self-efficacy to prevent falling, and falls prevalence was 42.1%.

Conclusions: Results suggest a functional decrease, mainly in variables related with strength and muscular control of arms and legs, agility/dynamic balance and flexibility. Data don't highlight significant changes in body composition, however, tend to a muscle mass and bone mineral mass reduction.

Keywords: Aging; Body composition; Caídas; Composición corporal; Envejecimiento; Falls; Funcionalidad; Functionality.