Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and addition of electrolyte-betaine supplements in feed or water on performance, acid-base balance and water retention in heat-stressed broilers

Br Poult Sci. 2015 Apr;56(2):195-209. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2014.995594. Epub 2015 Mar 4.

Abstract

The effects of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and electrolyte-betaine (El-Be) supplements on heat-stressed broiler performance, acid-base balance and water retention were evaluated during the period 31-40 d of age in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. A total of 240 broilers were assigned to 6 treatment groups each with 8 replicates of 5 birds per cage and were exposed to cyclic high temperature (32 - 24 ± 1°C). Birds were provided with diets having DEB of either 180 or 220 mEq/kg. El-Be supplements were either added to the diet, water or not added to either of them to complete the array of 6 treatment groups. An additional 80 birds were kept at thermoneutral temperature (20 ± 1°C) and were provided with tap water and diets with DEB of either 180 or 220 mEq/kg to serve as negative controls. Exposure to high temperature depressed growth performance, increased rectal temperature and decreased potassium (K(+)) retention. In high-temperature room, birds fed on diets with DEB of 220 mEq/kg tended to increase BW from 35-40 d of age. However, at thermoneutral temperature, broilers fed on diets with DEB of 220 mEq/kg increased K(+) retention. Adding El-Be supplements in feed or water improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), enhanced water consumption and increased K(+) and sodium (Na(+)) retention. Interactions between DEB and El-Be supplements tended to affect body weight gain and FCR during the periods 35-40 and 31-40 d of age, respectively. It is suggested that when using a diet with DEB of 180 mEq/kg, adding the El-Be supplements in drinking water was more beneficial than in feed. Adding the supplements in feed or water was equally useful when using DEB of 220 mEq/kg.

MeSH terms

  • Acid-Base Equilibrium
  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
  • Animals
  • Betaine / administration & dosage
  • Betaine / metabolism*
  • Body Temperature
  • Chickens / growth & development
  • Chickens / physiology*
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Electrolytes / administration & dosage
  • Electrolytes / metabolism*
  • Heat-Shock Response*
  • Male
  • Meat / analysis
  • Water / metabolism

Substances

  • Electrolytes
  • Water
  • Betaine