Phenotypic regulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor miles apart by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2

Biochemistry. 2015 Jan 27;54(3):765-75. doi: 10.1021/bi501061h. Epub 2015 Jan 15.

Abstract

The evolutionarily conserved DRY motif at the end of the third helix of rhodopsin-like, class-A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a major regulator of receptor stability, signaling activity, and β-arrestin-mediated internalization. Substitution of the DRY arginine with histidine in the human vasopressin receptor results in a loss-of-function phenotype associated with diabetes insipidus. The analogous R150H substitution of the DRY motif in zebrafish sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 2 (S1p2) produces a mutation, miles apart m(93) (mil(m93)), that not only disrupts signaling but also impairs heart field migration. We hypothesized that constitutive S1p2 desensitization is the underlying cause of this strong zebrafish developmental defect. We observed in cell assays that the wild-type S1p2 receptor is at the cell surface whereas in distinct contrast the S1p2 R150H receptor is found in intracellular vesicles, blocking G protein but not arrestin signaling activity. Surface S1p2 R150H expression could be restored by inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). Moreover, we observed that β-arrestin 2 and GRK2 colocalize with S1p2 in developing zebrafish embryos and depletion of GRK2 in the S1p2 R150H miles apart zebrafish partially rescued cardia bifida. The ability of reduced GRK2 activity to reverse a developmental phenotype associated with constitutive desensitization supports efforts to genetically or pharmacologically target this kinase in diseases involving biased GPCR signaling.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arrestins / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Endocytosis
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / metabolism*
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Heart / embryology
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / metabolism
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / pathology
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mutation / genetics*
  • Phenotype
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / metabolism*
  • Serine-Threonine Kinase 3
  • Signal Transduction
  • Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
  • Zebrafish / embryology
  • Zebrafish / metabolism*
  • Zebrafish Proteins / metabolism*
  • beta-Arrestin 2
  • beta-Arrestins
  • rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • ARRB2 protein, human
  • Arrb2 protein, mouse
  • Arrestins
  • Receptors, Lysosphingolipid
  • Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
  • Zebrafish Proteins
  • beta-Arrestin 2
  • beta-Arrestins
  • sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, zebrafish
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Serine-Threonine Kinase 3
  • stk3 protein, zebrafish
  • G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2
  • GTP-Binding Proteins
  • rhoA GTP-Binding Protein