A development scenario connecting the ternary symmetric horseshoe with the binary horseshoe

Chaos. 2014 Dec;24(4):043141. doi: 10.1063/1.4905007.

Abstract

It is explained in which way the ternary symmetric horseshoe can be obtained along a development scenario starting with a binary horseshoe. We explain the case of a complete ternary horseshoe in all detail and then give briefly some further incomplete cases. The key idea is to start with a three degrees of freedom system with a rotational symmetry, reduce the system with the help of the conserved angular momentum to one with two degrees of freedom where the value of the conserved angular momentum acts as a parameter and then let its value go to zero.