The antioxidant activity is implemented in human blood serum by ascorbic acid, uric acid, amino acids, glucose, mono unsaturated fatty acids (in the first instance Ω-9 oleic acid), essential polyenoic fatty acids, thiol groups of albumins and proteins, tripeptide and pigment of bilirubin. The antioxidant activity of blood serum of donors and recipients before liver transplantation was determined The input of particular biochemical analytes into liver transplantation was determined too. The antioxidant parameters were detected using technique of termo-induced chemiluminescence under application of set of corresponding reagents. The analysis of antioxidant activity of blood serum in donors and recipients with hepatic pathology revealed in vivo a significant disorder in the syndrome of compensatory anti-inflammatory defense. Under hepatic pathology, absence of endogenous ascorbic acid, deficiency of exogenous ascorbic acid and disorder of antioxidant activity the uric acid and bilirubin become the major hydrophilic acceptors of active forms of oxygen and inhibitors of oxidative processes in vivo. In patients with physiological level of bilirubin the uric acid provides 40%-80% of antioxidant activity. In case of high hyperbilirubinemia in recipients only 9.6%. It is possible to consider hyperiricosuria under aphysiological processes as a nonspecific test of activation of biological reaction of inflammation, syndrome of compensatory anti-inflammatory defense and test of disorder of biological function of endoecology. To activate the syndrome of compensatory anti-inflammatory defense it is very important to decrease both hyperiricosuria and compensatory function of uric acid as an acceptor of active forms of oxygen by force of prolonged intake of optimal amount of ascorbic acid.