Prognostic Benefit of Beta-blockers After Acute Coronary Syndrome With Preserved Systolic Function. Still Relevant Today?

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: The scientific evidence for using beta-blockers after acute coronary syndrome stems from studies conducted in the days before coronary revascularization and in patients with ventricular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to analyze the current long-term prognostic benefit of beta-blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3236 patients with acute coronary syndrome and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50%. We performed a propensity-matched analysis to draw up two groups of 555 patients paired according to whether or not they had been treated with beta-blockers. The prognostic value of beta-blockers to predict mortality during follow-up was analyzed using Cox regression.

Results: During the follow-up (median, 5.2 years), 506 patients (15.6%) died. Patients treated with beta-blockers (n=2277 [70.4%]) had a lower mortality rate (11.6% vs 25.2%; P<.001). After propensity score matching, we found that mortality during follow-up was still lower in the beta-blocker group (14.4% vs 18.9%; P=.020). Therefore, this treatment was an independent protective factor after adjusting for confounding variables in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio=0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.87; P=.004).

Conclusions: Beta-blocker treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction is associated with lower long-term mortality.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Beta-blockers; Bloqueadores beta; Mortalidad; Mortality; Síndrome coronario agudo.