Osseous lesions within soft tissue such as the tongue are extremely rare. Here, we report an osseous choristoma on the posterior portion of the tongue in a patient with a strong vomiting reflex. The patient was an 11-year-old boy who presented with the chief complaint of swelling on the posterior portion of the tongue. A pedunculated tumor 8-mm in diameter with distinct borders was observed slightly to the right of the midline of the dorsum of the tongue and slightly anterior to the circumvallate papillae. The clinical diagnosis was a right lingual circumvallate papilla fibroma. A further examination conducted under general anesthesia in July 2012 confirmed a pedunculated and solid mass in the area of the circumvallate papillae. As these results suggested a benign tumor, the mass was resected. Histopathological findings on harvested bone and fibrous connective tissue covered with a layer of squamous cells led to a diagnosis of osteoma. At 18 months postoperatively, there were no signs of recurrence.