Molecular mechanism of G-quadruplex unwinding helicase: sequential and repetitive unfolding of G-quadruplex by Pif1 helicase

Biochem J. 2015 Feb 15;466(1):189-99. doi: 10.1042/BJ20140997.

Abstract

Recent advances in G-quadruplex (G4) studies have confirmed that G4 structures exist in living cells and may have detrimental effects on various DNA transactions. How helicases resolve G4, however, has just begun to be studied and remains largely unknown. In the present paper, we use single-molecule fluorescence assays to probe Pif1-catalysed unfolding of G4 in a DNA construct resembling an ongoing synthesis of lagging strand stalled by G4. Strikingly, Pif1 unfolds and then halts at the ss/dsDNA junction, followed by rapid reformation of G4 and 'acrobatic' re-initiation of unfolding by the same monomer. Thus, Pif1 unfolds single G4 structures repetitively. Furthermore, it is found that Pif1 unfolds G4 sequentially in two large steps. Our study has revealed that, as a stable intermediate, G-triplex (G3) plays an essential role in this process. The repetitive unfolding activity may facilitate Pif1 disrupting the continuously reforming obstructive G4 structures to rescue a stalled replication fork. The proposed mechanism for step-wise unfolding of G4 is probably applicable to other helicases that resolve G4 structures for maintaining genome stability.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biocatalysis
  • DNA Helicases / chemistry*
  • DNA Helicases / genetics
  • DNA Helicases / metabolism
  • DNA Replication
  • DNA, Single-Stranded / chemistry*
  • DNA, Single-Stranded / metabolism
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • G-Quadruplexes*
  • Gene Expression
  • Genome, Fungal*
  • Genomic Instability
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / chemistry*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / chemistry*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism
  • Staining and Labeling

Substances

  • DNA, Single-Stranded
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • PIF1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • DNA Helicases