A direct PCA-based approach for real-time description of physiological organ deformations

IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2015 Apr;34(4):974-82. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2014.2371995. Epub 2014 Nov 20.

Abstract

Dynamic magnetic resonance (MR)-imaging can provide functional and positional information in real-time, which can be conveniently used online to control a cancer therapy, e.g., using high intensity focused ultrasound or radio therapy. However, a precise real-time correction for motion is fundamental in abdominal organs to ensure an optimal treatment dose associated with a limited toxicity in nearby organs at risk. This paper proposes a real-time direct principal component analysis (PCA)-based technique which offers a robust approach for motion estimation of abdominal organs and allows correcting motion related artifacts. The PCA was used to detect spatio-temporal coherences of the periodic organ motion in a learning step. During the interventional procedure, physiological contributions were characterized quantitatively using a small set of parameters. A coarse-to-fine resolution scheme is proposed to improve the stability of the algorithm and afford a predictable constant latency of 80 ms. The technique was evaluated on 12 free-breathing volunteers and provided an improved real-time description of motion related to both breathing and cardiac cycles. A reduced learning step of 10 s was sufficient without any need for patient-specific control parameters, rendering the method suitable for clinical use.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Heart / physiology
  • Humans
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Kidney / physiology
  • Lung / physiology
  • Machine Learning
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Movement / physiology
  • Principal Component Analysis