The scalability in the mechanochemical syntheses of edge functionalized graphene materials and biomass-derived chemicals

Faraday Discuss. 2014:170:223-33. doi: 10.1039/c4fd00007b.

Abstract

Mechanochemical approaches to chemical synthesis offer the promise of improved yields, new reaction pathways and greener syntheses. Scaling these syntheses is a crucial step toward realizing a commercially viable process. Although much work has been performed on laboratory-scale investigations little has been done to move these approaches toward industrially relevant scales. Moving reactions from shaker-type mills and planetary-type mills to scalable solutions can present a challenge. We have investigated scalability through discrete element models, thermal monitoring and reactor design. We have found that impact forces and macroscopic mixing are important factors in implementing a truly scalable process. These observations have allowed us to scale reactions from a few grams to several hundred grams and we have successfully implemented scalable solutions for the mechanocatalytic conversion of cellulose to value-added compounds and the synthesis of edge functionalized graphene.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biomass
  • Catalysis
  • Cellulose / chemistry
  • Graphite / chemical synthesis*
  • Hydrolysis

Substances

  • Graphite
  • Cellulose