MTOR inhibition enhances NVP-AUY922-induced autophagy-mediated KIT degradation and cytotoxicity in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Oncotarget. 2014 Nov 30;5(22):11723-36. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2607.

Abstract

Our previous study demonstrated NVP-AUY922, a HSP90AA1 inhibitor, could enhance mutant KIT degradation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells through both proteasome- and autophagy-mediated pathways. Herein, we showed rapamycin, a MTOR inhibitor and autophagy inducer, could reduce total and phospho-KIT expression levels and enhance apoptosis in imatinib-resistant GIST cells. The involvement of autophagy in rapamycin-induced KIT downregulation was further confirmed by co-localization of KIT and autophagosome, and partial recovery of KIT expression level by either siRNA-mediated BECN1 and ATG5 silencing or autophagy inhibitors after rapamycin. Rapamycin and NVP-AUY922 synergistically inhibited GIST cells growth in vitro. The combination of low-dose NVP-AUY922 with rapamycin had comparable effects on reducing KIT expression, increasing MAP1LC3B puncta and tumor necrosis, and inhibiting tumor growth as high-dose NVP-AUY922 did in GIST430 xenograft model. Our results suggest the addition of a MTOR inhibitor may reduce NVP-AUY922 dose requirement and potentially improve its therapeutic index in mutant KIT-expressing GISTs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
  • Apoptosis
  • Autophagy*
  • Benzamides / chemistry
  • Cell Death
  • Cell Survival
  • Down-Regulation
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / drug therapy*
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Imatinib Mesylate
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Isoxazoles / chemistry
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, SCID
  • Mutation
  • Necrosis
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Piperazines / chemistry
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / metabolism*
  • Pyrimidines / chemistry
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Resorcinols / chemistry
  • Sirolimus / chemistry
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*

Substances

  • 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-(4-morpholin-4-ylmethylphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Benzamides
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
  • Isoxazoles
  • Piperazines
  • Pyrimidines
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Resorcinols
  • Imatinib Mesylate
  • MTOR protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Sirolimus