Copper-mediated direct alkoxylation of arenes using an N,O-bidentate directing system

J Org Chem. 2014 Nov 7;79(21):10399-409. doi: 10.1021/jo502005j. Epub 2014 Oct 29.

Abstract

Highly effective CuCl-mediated C-H alkoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes has been developed by using a 2-aminopyridine 1-oxide moiety as an N,O-bidentate directing group. The reaction proceeds smoothly using a broad range of substrates to afford o-alkoxylated benzoic and heteroaromatic amide products. Moreover, the reaction system shows remarkable compatibility when hexafluoroisopropanol is used as a coupling parter; halogen, nitro, ether, alkoxy, ester, and sulfonyl functional groups are all tolerated. The directing group can be easily removed by base hydrolysis, affording o-alkoxylated benzoic acids.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aminopyridines / chemical synthesis
  • Aminopyridines / chemistry*
  • Benzoic Acid / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Cyclic N-Oxides / chemical synthesis*
  • Cyclic N-Oxides / chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Substances

  • 2-aminopyridine 1-oxide
  • Aminopyridines
  • Cyclic N-Oxides
  • Copper
  • Benzoic Acid