The article examines the work of the first head of the Children's Hospital St. Zinaida at Sumy--Alexander Fedorovich Belousov. We considered his contribution to the organization of the first children's hospital in Sumy region and the creation of specialized pediatric services for children population in the Sloboda Ukraine. The article describes the personal role of A. F. Belousov in improving medical and sanitary care in a difficult socio-economic situation of the majority of citizens of the Russian Empire in the late 19th-early 20th century.