Prostanoid induces premetastatic niche in regional lymph nodes

J Clin Invest. 2014 Nov;124(11):4882-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI73530. Epub 2014 Oct 1.

Abstract

The lymphatic system is an important route for cancer dissemination, and lymph node metastasis (LNM) serves as a critical prognostic determinant in cancer patients. We investigated the contribution of COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the formation of a premetastatic niche and LNM. A murine model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell metastasis revealed that COX-2 is expressed in DCs from the early stage in the lymph node subcapsular regions, and COX-2 inhibition markedly suppressed mediastinal LNM. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was elevated in DCs before LLC cell infiltration to the lymph nodes, and a COX-2 inhibitor, an SDF-1 antagonist, and a CXCR4 neutralizing antibody all reduced LNM. Moreover, LNM was reduced in mice lacking the PGE2 receptor EP3, and stimulation of cultured DCs with an EP3 agonist increased SDF-1 production. Compared with WT CD11c+ DCs, injection of EP3-deficient CD11c+ DCs dramatically reduced accumulation of SDF-1+CD11c+ DCs in regional LNs and LNM in LLC-injected mice. Accumulation of Tregs and lymph node lymphangiogenesis, which may influence the fate of metastasized tumor cells, was also COX-2/EP3-dependent. These results indicate that DCs induce a premetastatic niche during LNM via COX-2/EP3-dependent induction of SDF-1 and suggest that inhibition of this signaling axis may be an effective strategy to suppress premetastatic niche formation and LNM.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / immunology
  • Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / secondary*
  • Celecoxib
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Chemokine CXCL12 / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Dinoprostone / physiology*
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Gene Knockout Techniques
  • Lung Neoplasms / immunology
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Lung Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Lymph Nodes / immunology
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology*
  • Lymphangiogenesis
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology
  • Receptors, CXCR4 / metabolism
  • Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype / genetics
  • Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Sulfonamides / pharmacology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • CXCR4 protein, mouse
  • Chemokine CXCL12
  • Cxcl12 protein, mouse
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
  • Ptger3 protein, mouse
  • Pyrazoles
  • Receptors, CXCR4
  • Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
  • Sulfonamides
  • Ptgs2 protein, mouse
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • Celecoxib
  • Dinoprostone