Peripheral neuropathy is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus. The current study demonstrated the bimodal pattern of diabetic peripheral neuropathy found in the behavioral study of pain perception in parallel to the histopathological findings in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) neurons and satellite Schwann cell basement membranes. A gradual decrease in heparan sulfate content, with a reciprocal increase in deposited laminin in the basement membranes of dorsal root ganglia Schwann cells, was shown in streptozotocin-treated rats. In addition, the characteristic biphasic pain profiles were demonstrated in diabetic rats, as shown by hypersensitivity at the third week and hyposensitivity at the tenth week post-streptozotocin injection, accompanied by a continuous decrease in the sciatic nerve conduction velocity. It appears that these basal membrane abnormalities in content of heparan sulfate and laminin, noticed in diabetic rats, may underline the primary damage in dorsal ganglion sensory neurons, simultaneously with the bimodal painful profile in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, simulating the scenario of filtration rate in diabetic kidney.