Abstract
We report the case of a boy with an encephalopathy associated with extrapyramidal and psychiatric symptoms and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies. He had positive serum antithyroid antibodies, IgM antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae and human herpesvirus 7 polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid. He was successfully treated with rituximab, after steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange. The pathophysiology of this disorder may be post-infectious and autoimmune.
MeSH terms
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Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / drug therapy
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Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / immunology
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Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / microbiology*
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Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / virology
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Antibodies, Bacterial / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / therapeutic use
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Antibodies, Viral / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Autoantibodies / blood*
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Child
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Herpesvirus 7, Human / immunology*
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin M / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
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Male
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae / immunology*
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Rituximab
Substances
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Antibodies, Bacterial
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
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Antibodies, Viral
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Autoantibodies
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Immunoglobulin M
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Immunologic Factors
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Rituximab