Mycobacterium Avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates induce in vitro granuloma formation and show successful survival phenotype, common anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses within ovine macrophages regardless of genotype or host of origin

PLoS One. 2014 Aug 11;9(8):e104238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104238. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

The analysis of the early macrophage responses, including bacterial growth within macrophages, represents a powerful tool to characterize the virulence of clinical isolates of Mycobcaterium avium susbp. paratuberculosis (Map). The present study represents the first assessment of the intracellular behaviour in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) of Map isolates representing distinct genotypes (C, S and B), and isolated from cattle, sheep, goat, fallow deer, deer, and wild boar. Intracellular growth and survival of the selected isolates in ovine MDMs was assessed by quantification of CFUs inside of the host cells at 2 h p.i. (day 0) and 7 d p. i. using an automatic liquid culture system (Bactec MGIT 960). Variations in bacterial counts over 7 days from the baseline were small, in a range between 1.63 to 1.05-fold. After 7 d of infection, variations in the estimated log10 CFUs between all the tested isolates were not statistically significant. In addition, ovine MDMs exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antidestructive responses when infected with two ovine isolates of distinct genotype (C and S) or with two C-type isolates from distinct hosts (cattle and sheep); which correlated with the successful survival of these isolates within ovine MDMs. A second objective was to study, based on an in vitro granuloma model, latter stages of the infection by investigating the capacity of two Map isolates from cattle and sheep to trigger formation of microgranulomas. Upon 10 d p.i., both Map isolates were able to induce the formation of granulomas comparable to the granulomas observed in clinical specimens with respect to the cellular components involved. In summary, our results demonstrated that Map isolates from cattle, sheep, goats, deer, fallow-deer and wild boar were able not only to initiate but also to establish a successful infection in ovine macrophages regardless of genotype.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis*
  • Cattle
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Genotype
  • Granuloma / immunology
  • Granuloma / microbiology*
  • Host Specificity
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Inflammation / microbiology
  • Macrophages / cytology*
  • Macrophages / immunology
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Microbial Viability*
  • Monocytes / cytology
  • Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / isolation & purification*
  • Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / physiology*
  • Phenotype*
  • Sheep / microbiology

Grants and funding

Financial support for this work was provided by a grant from the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) and by European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER) (RTA2011-00049). Naiara Abendaño has a fellowship from the department of Agriculture of the Basque Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.