Subjects with normal hearing (NH) and with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) judged the overall loudness of six-tone complexes comprised of octave frequencies from 0.25 to 8 kHz. The level of each tone was selected from a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 5 dB, and subjects judged which of two complexes was louder. Overall level varied across conditions. In the "loudness" task, there was no difference in mean level across the two stimuli. In the "sample discrimination" task, the two complexes differed by an average of 5 dB. For both tasks, perceptual weights were derived by correlating the differences in level between matched-frequency tones in the complexes and the loudness decision on each trial. Weights obtained in the two tasks showed similar shifts from low to high frequency components with increasing overall level. Simulation of these experiments using a model of loudness perception [Moore and Glasberg (2004), Hear Res. 188, 70-88] yielded predicted weights for these stimuli that were highly correlated with predicted specific loudness, but not with the observed weights.