Virological efficacy of abacavir: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives: The efficacy of abacavir/lamivudine has been reported to be inferior to tenofovir/emtricitabine. Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigated the effectiveness and safety of abacavir/lamivudine and tenofovir/emtricitabine combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) and we have reviewed the available evidence.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs using standard Cochrane Collaboration methodologies.

Methods: We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. The primary outcome was the rate of patients with viral load (VL) below the pre-defined cut-off at 48 weeks and/or at 96 weeks. Where available, results were analysed according to VL screening levels (<100,000 or >100,000 copies/mL) with conventional meta-analytical pooling by subgroups and meta-regression.

Results: Meta-analytical pooling of RCTs with a direct comparison of abacavir/lamivudine and tenofovir/emtricitabine according to baseline VL at 48 weeks (six trials, 4118 patients) showed that the proportions of subjects with VL <50 copies/mL were similar in the overall comparison (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.94-1.03), in the low baseline VL strata (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.03) and in the high baseline VL strata (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90-1.03). Meta-regression analysis at 48 weeks confirms the results of subgroup analysis. Similar virological results were found at 96 weeks (four trials, 2003 patients). Differences in the occurrence of adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment favoured tenofovir recipients (RR 1.26; 95% CI 0.99-1.61), but this difference, mostly related to suspected abacavir hypersensitivity reaction, was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Our cumulative, cross-sectional data suggest a similar virological efficacy of abacavir/lamivudine and tenofovir/emtricitabine regardless of the baseline VL.

Keywords: antiviral; meta-regression; tenofovir.