Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that severely threatens human health and affects the socioeconomic development. The causative agent that parasitizes in humans mainly involves Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, S. haematobiurn, S. intercalatum and S. mekongi. As the firstly identified schistosome, S. haematobium infection is found to strongly correlate with bladder cancer. This paper mainly reviews the discovery, morphology and life cycle of S. haematobium.