In the lasts years it has become evident that polyphenols modify cell functionality through epigenetic mechanisms, such as modulating microRNA (miRNA) levels. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length, that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are involved in almost all biological processes, affect most metabolic pathways and recent evidence suggests their dysregulation in a number of metabolic disorders and diseases. In this sense, miRNAs are emerging as potential biomarkers of numerous pathologies and therefore as new therapeutic targets. Polyphenolic modulation of miRNAs is very attractive as a strategy to target numerous cell processes and potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases.