Psychosocial predictors and HIV-related behaviors of old adults versus late middle-aged and younger adults

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the psychosocial predictors and HIV-related behaviors of old adults versus late middle-aged and younger adults.

Method: A demographically representative sample of residents in Italy aged 18 to 75 years (n = 2,018) was subdivided into three age groups: (a) younger adults (18-49 years), (b) late middle-aged adults (50-59 years), and (c) old adults (60-75 years). Interviews were conducted using computer-assisted telephone survey methodology.

Results: Despite reporting similar levels of sexual risk behaviors, late middle-aged and old adults were less likely to use condoms and to have ever had an HIV test. The levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk perception, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions toward condom use were lower among old adults compared with younger adults. Old adults were less likely to have discussed HIV/AIDS with friends, relatives, or health professionals.

Discussion: Old adults should be included in prevention efforts targeting knowledge, perceptions, and intentions toward condom use. Future studies should be cautious when overgeneralizing the results to all individuals aged 50 and older.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Theory of Planned Behavior; knowledge; older adults; risk perception; sexual behavior; survey.