Abstract
Tetanic electrical stimulation releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from muscle fibers through pannexin-1 channels in a frequency-dependent manner; extracellular ATP activates signals that ultimately regulate gene expression and is able to increase glucose transport through activation of P2Y receptors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and AS160. We hypothesize that this mechanism is an important link between exercise and the regulation of muscle fiber plasticity and metabolism.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism*
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Biological Transport
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Calcium Channels, L-Type / metabolism
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Connexins / metabolism
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Electric Stimulation
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Exercise / physiology*
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GTPase-Activating Proteins / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Glucose / metabolism
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Humans
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / metabolism
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism*
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism
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Nucleotides / metabolism
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / metabolism
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Receptors, Purinergic P2 / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
Substances
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Calcium Channels, L-Type
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Connexins
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GTPase-Activating Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Nucleotides
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PANX1 protein, human
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Receptors, Purinergic P2
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TBC1D4 protein, human
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
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Glucose