In 2012, USA Preventive Services Task Force revised the guidelines for prostate cancer screening and recommended against prostate specific antigen(PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer for all age groups. This revision had a great impact worldwide. Immediately after the announcement, many expert societies expressed disagreement with this revision, but some of these have gradually come to accept it. When multiple organizations develop guidelines for a particular topic, the recommendations may differ. In this regard, the "standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines" presented in the report by the Institute of Medicine, will be helpful. The number of cases and the incidence rates of prostate cancer have been rapidly increasing in Japan, especially in the elderly population. Accordingly, sufficient information needs to be provided for appropriate decision-making, considering the balance between the risks and benefits, if cancer screening in the elderly population is to be implemented.