Subacute ruminal acidosis challenge changed in situ degradability of feedstuffs in dairy goats

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of wheat-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on rumen bacterial populations and in situ degradabilities of NDF, starch, and crude protein of feeds. Four multiparous dairy goats (BW=60±3.3kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were assigned to a 2×2 crossover design (28-d treatment periods separated by a 7-d washout interval). The treatment diets consisted of 2 levels of cracked wheat: 0 (control, corn based concentrate) and 35% (diet-induced SARA, wheat-based concentrate), with a constant forage- (45% alfalfa hay and 5% corn silage of DM) to-concentrate (50% of DM) ratio. Results indicate that diets with a 35% wheat decreased ruminal pH (6.21 vs. 5.98) and increased the duration (1.13 vs. 4.72h/d) and area (0.12 vs. 0.78 pH × h/d) of ruminal pH below 5.6 and induced SARA. The SARA increased ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration, from 105.0 to 123.8mM, and decreased the acetate molar proportion (62.8 vs. 56.6mol/100mol) and the acetate-to-propionate ratio (3.5 vs. 2.8). Compared with the control group, SARA decreases the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (-59.3%) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (-68.4%), whereas it increased Succinimonas amylolytica (198.1%) and Ruminobacter amylophilus (125.2%). The SARA decreased 24- and 48-h dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradabilities of corn silage. The 48-h degradabilities of DM (51.0 vs. 48.2%) and NDF (40.3 vs. 36.0%) in alfalfa hay were not affected by SARA, but the SARA tended to reduce the 24-h DM (49.6 vs. 46.3%) and NDF (37.8 vs. 33.2%) degradabilities. The effective ruminal degradabilities of DM and NDF in alfalfa hay and corn silage were reduced during SARA. In situ degradability parameters of DM and starch of wheat were not affected by SARA, but starch degradability of corn (9.5 vs. 13.3%/h) increased. The SARA reduced in situ 12-h degradabilities of DM and crude protein of soybean meal and extruded soybean without affecting the degradabilities of the other protein supplements (corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, corn dried distillers grains with solubles, rapeseed meal, and wheat germ meal). These results indicated that the cracked wheat-induced SARA reduced the degradation of NDF in roughages and that of protein in soybean meal (-19.8%) and extruded soy (-18.9%) and increased the starch degradability in corn, due to the increased amylolytic bacteria and decreased cellulolytic bacteria counts in the rumen.

Keywords: in situ degradation; protein; starch; subacute ruminal acidosis.