Rapid, low-cost and instrument-free CD4+ cell counting for HIV diagnostics in resource-poor settings

Lab Chip. 2014 Aug 7;14(15):2844-51. doi: 10.1039/c4lc00264d. Epub 2014 Jun 9.

Abstract

We present a novel, user-friendly and widely autonomous point-of-care diagnostic to enable HIV monitoring in resource-poor regions where the current pandemic is most prevalent. To specifically isolate magnetically tagged CD4+ cells directly from patient blood, the low-cost and disposable microfluidic chip operates by dual-force CD4+ cell magnetophoresis; whereby the interplay of flow and magnetic fields governs the trajectory of target cells depending on whether the cell binds to a magnetic microbead. Instrument-free pumping is implemented by a finger-actuated elastic membrane; tagged beads are laterally deflected by a small and re-useable permanent magnet. The single-depth and monolithic microfluidic structure can easily be fabricated in a single casting step. After their magnetophoretic isolation from whole blood, estimation of CD4+ cell concentrations is then measured by bright-field inspection of the capture chamber. In addition, an optional fluorescence measurement can be used for confirmation of the bright-field result if required. On-chip CD4+ estimation produces a linear response over the full range of medically relevant CD4+ cell concentrations. Our technology combines high-efficiency capture (93.0 ± 3.3%) and cell enumeration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Immobilized / chemistry
  • Antibodies, Immobilized / economics
  • Antibodies, Immobilized / metabolism*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / chemistry
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / economics
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / metabolism*
  • CD4 Antigens / chemistry
  • CD4 Antigens / metabolism*
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count / economics
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count / instrumentation*
  • Calibration
  • Cell Separation
  • Cost Savings
  • Equipment Design
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • HIV Infections / blood
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis
  • HIV Infections / economics
  • HIV Infections / immunology*
  • HL-60 Cells
  • Humans
  • Indoles / chemistry
  • Ireland
  • Magnetic Phenomena
  • Materials Testing
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / economics
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / instrumentation*
  • Microspheres
  • Particle Size
  • Point-of-Care Systems* / economics
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / economics
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Antibodies, Immobilized
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • CD4 Antigens
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Indoles
  • Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
  • DAPI