High fructose intake is associated with adverse metabolic syndromes. This study was designed to investigate whether the polysaccharides derived from Zizyphus jujube cv. Shaanbeitanzao (ZSP) could alleviate high fructose-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in mice. ZSP was identified by capillary zone electrophoresis as an acidic heteropolysaccharide with l-arabinose, d-galactose and d-galacturonic acid being the main component monosaccharides. Mice were provided with 20% high-fructose water and ZSP was administered intragastrically at doses of 0, 200 or 400 mg kg(-1) BW for 4 weeks. Fructose-treated mice showed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia with impaired insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). Administration of ZSP at a dose of 400 mg kg(-1) BW significantly reduced the serum levels of glucose, insulin, TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C (p < 0.01). ZSP also markedly improved the HDL-C level, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β), and decreased the atherogenic index (AI) of the mice exposed to high-fructose water. Histopathological test with H&E and oil red O staining confirmed liver steatosis induced by a high-fructose diet and the hepatoprotective effect of ZSP. These findings indicate that the jujube polysaccharides may ameliorate insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in fructose-treated mice.