Duplication in the microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 gene causes a novel neuromuscular condition

Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 5:4:5180. doi: 10.1038/srep05180.

Abstract

Spectrins and plakins are important communicators linking cytoskeletal components to each other and to cellular junctions. Microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) belongs to the spectraplakin family and is involved in control of microtubule dynamics. Complete knock out of MACF1 in mice is associated with developmental retardation and embryonic lethality. Here we present a family with a novel neuromuscular condition. Genetic analyses show a heterozygous duplication resulting in reduced MACF1 gene product. The functional consequence is affected motility observed as periodic hypotonia, lax muscles and diminished motor skills, with heterogeneous presentation among the affected family members. To corroborate these findings we used RNA interference to knock down the VAB-10 locus containing the MACF1 homologue in C. elegans, and we could show that this also causes movement disturbances. These findings suggest that changes in the MACF1 gene is implicated in this neuromuscular condition, which is an important observation since MACF1 has not previously been associated with any human disease and thus presents a key to understanding the essential nature of this gene.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Genetically Modified / genetics*
  • Animals, Genetically Modified / growth & development
  • Animals, Genetically Modified / metabolism
  • Apoptosis
  • Blotting, Western
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / genetics*
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / growth & development
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / metabolism
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Child
  • Comparative Genomic Hybridization
  • Female
  • Gene Duplication*
  • Humans
  • Immunoenzyme Techniques
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Microfilament Proteins / genetics*
  • Microfilament Proteins / metabolism
  • Microtubules / metabolism
  • Neuromuscular Diseases / genetics*
  • Neuromuscular Diseases / pathology*
  • Pedigree
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Substances

  • MACF1 protein, human
  • Microfilament Proteins
  • RNA, Messenger