Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disease affecting women of reproductive age. It may be associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. The anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels seem to be higher in patients with PCOS.
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the association between AMH and insulin in women with PCOS with and without IR.
Methods: Cross-sectional study, including 86 patients, selected and divided into three groups: Group A: 26 women with PCOS and IR; Group B: 30 women with PCOS and without IR; and Group C: 30 controls without PCOS.
Results: We found significant difference between serum AMH levels in the group of women with PCOS and without IR when compared to the control group, thus showing that PCOS and IR play an important role in elevating the levels of this hormone. When the groups were compared with each other following adjustment for BMI, serum AMH levels were significantly higher in the group of women with PCOS and IR.
Conclusion: AMH levels are significantly higher in patients with PCOS, particularly in those women with PCOS and IR. Nevertheless, larger samples are required to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Androgens; anovulation; anti-Mullerian hormone; body mass index; folliculogenesis; insulin resistance; polycystic ovary syndrome.