It is now well recognized that vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various retinopathy. Traction released through pars plana vitrectomy was used before, but it is limited by some problems such as incomplete vitreoretinal separation, vitreous remnant and other operative complications. While another new method-Pharmacologic Vitreolysis provided us a new method for persistent pathologic VMA treatment. This review aims to introduce the vitreous molecular structure, principles of posterior vitreous detachment and progression of pharmacologic vitreolysis method study.