Abstract
A total of 84 samples of wild and farmed fish, cephalopods and fish oils for animal feeding, traded in Spain, were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in 2009-2012, by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). The method was optimised for screening at moderate costs, allowing PCDD/Fs determination at 1 pg World Health Organization-toxic equivalent quantities (WHO-TEQ) g⁻¹ wet weight (w w) and dl-PCBs at 0.02 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹ w w. Concentrations in fish and cephalopods ranged from values below the limit of detection to 1.7 pg g⁻¹ WHO-TEQ sum PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, considered as safe with regard to EU legislation. Higher levels were found in cod livers (5.4-54.2) and fish oils (3.3-30.7), with one noncompliant sample in each group.
Keywords:
PCBs; dioxins; fish; fish oil; gas chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS); seafood.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Animals, Wild
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Aquaculture
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Benzofurans / analysis*
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Benzofurans / chemistry
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Cephalopoda
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Environmental Pollutants / analysis*
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Environmental Pollutants / chemistry
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European Union
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Fish Oils / analysis*
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Fish Oils / economics
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Fish Oils / standards
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Fish Products / analysis
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Fish Products / economics
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Fish Products / standards
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Fishes
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Food Contamination*
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Food Inspection
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Food, Preserved / analysis
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Food, Preserved / economics
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Frozen Foods / analysis
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Frozen Foods / economics
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Guideline Adherence
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Health Policy
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Health Promotion
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Humans
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls / analysis*
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls / chemistry
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Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / analogs & derivatives
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Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / analysis
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Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / chemistry
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Seafood / analysis*
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Seafood / economics
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Seafood / standards
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Shellfish / analysis*
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Shellfish / economics
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Shellfish / standards
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Spain
Substances
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Benzofurans
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Environmental Pollutants
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Fish Oils
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Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
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dibenzofuran
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls