Transient abnormal myelopoiesis in a phenotypically normal newborn with polyclonal trisomy 21

Int J Hematol. 2014 Jun;99(6):794-7. doi: 10.1007/s12185-014-1584-0. Epub 2014 Apr 26.

Abstract

We report a rare case of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in a phenotypically normal neonate. The presence of a palpable hepatomegaly prompted in-depth laboratory tests, which revealed the presence of severe hyperleukocytosis, with blast cells present in a peripheral blood smear. Although no signs of Down syndrome were present, we suspected TAM. Further analysis identified a mutation in GATA1 along with the unique finding of two different trisomic cell lines, detected upon karyotyping; one with trisomy 21 only, and one with trisomies 21 and 22, which was present in a subpopulation of peripheral blood cells. These genetic abnormalities disappeared by the age of 6 months. The presence of two different trisomic clones may be an evidence of the polyclonal nature of TAM in this patient.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Chromosome Banding
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21*
  • Down Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Down Syndrome / genetics*
  • GATA1 Transcription Factor / genetics
  • Humans
  • Immunophenotyping
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Leukemoid Reaction / diagnosis*
  • Leukemoid Reaction / genetics*
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Phenotype*
  • Trisomy*

Substances

  • GATA1 Transcription Factor

Supplementary concepts

  • Myeloproliferative Syndrome, Transient