Successful management of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in the second pregnancy: a case report

Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2014 Jan-Mar;12(1):96-9. doi: 10.1590/s1679-45082014rc2729.

Abstract

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a serious disease, in which the mother produces antibodies against fetal platelet antigens inherited from the father; it is still an underdiagnosed disease. This disease is considered the platelet counterpart of the RhD hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, yet in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia the first child is affected with fetal and/or neonatal thrombocytopenia. There is a significant risk of intracranial hemorrhage and severe neurological impairment, with a tendency for earlier and more severe thrombocytopenia in subsequent pregnancies. This article reports a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in the second pregnancy affected and discusses diagnosis, management and the clinical importance of this disease.

A púrpura trombocitopênica neonatal aloimune é uma doença grave, na qual a mãe produz anticorpos contra antígenos plaquetários fetais herdados do pai, e é ainda subdiagnosticada na prática clínica. É considerada o equivalente plaquetário da doença hemolítica do recém-nascido, com a diferença que o primeiro filho é afetado, apresentando trombocitopenia fetal e/ou neonatal. Há risco significativo de hemorragia intracraniana e sequelas neurológicas graves, com tendência a trombocitopenia mais grave e mais precoce nas gestações subsequentes. Este artigo relata um caso de trombocitopenia aloimune neonatal na segunda gestação afetada e discute diagnóstico, manejo e importância clínica dessa doença na prática clínica.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antigens, Human Platelet / genetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / administration & dosage
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / diagnostic imaging
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / prevention & control
  • Male
  • Platelet Count
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy, High-Risk*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune / diagnostic imaging
  • Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune / therapy*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Substances

  • Antigens, Human Platelet
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous