The aim of this study was to explore the association between fat distribution and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in Chinese Adults. Using a cross-sectional investigation of 867 participants including 521 women and 346 men from China, vBMD and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) or visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured accordingly by quantitative computed tomography. The peak vBMD values of the spine were observed at ages 30-39 years in women and at ages 20-29 years in men. In women, the peak values of VAT and SCAT were observed, respectively, at ages ≥ 70 years and at the age range of 60-69 years. In men, the peak values of VAT and SCAT were observed, respectively, at ages ≥ 70 years and at ages 30-39 years. Using the correlation tests, there was no correlation between SCAT and vBMD in both genders. Most relationships between VAT and BMD were negative (r = -0.204, P < 0.01, in premenopausal women; r = -0.150, P < 0.05, in postmenopausal women; and r = -0.181, P < 0.05, in middle-aged men). After multiple linear regression analysis, no correlations were observed. There appears to be no correlation between fat distribution and vBMD in Chinese adults, and further studies are needed to explore associations between fat distribution and vBMD.