Multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography system with automatic self-calibration for long-term monitoring

IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst. 2014 Feb;8(1):119-28. doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2256785.

Abstract

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a safe medical imaging technology, requiring no ionizing or heating radiation, as opposed to most other imaging modalities. This has led to a clinical interest in its use for long-term monitoring, possibly at the bedside, for ventilation monitoring, bleeding detection, gastric emptying and epilepsy foci diagnosis. These long-term applications demand auto-calibration and high stability over long time periods. To address this need we have developed a new multi-frequency EIT system called the KHU Mark2.5 with automatic self-calibration and cooperation with other devices via a timing signal for synchronization with other medical instruments. The impedance measurement module (IMM) for flexible configuration as a key component includes an independent constant current source, an independent differential voltmeter, and a current source calibrator, which allows automatic self-calibration of the current source within each IMM. We installed a resistor phantom inside the KHU Mark2.5 EIT system for intra-channel and inter-channel calibrations of all voltmeters in multiple IMMs. We show the deterioration of performance of an EIT system over time and the improvement due to automatic self-calibration. The system is able to maintain SNR of 80 dB for frequencies up to 250 kHz and below 0.5% reciprocity error over continuous operation for 24 hours. Automatic calibration at least every 3 days is shown to maintain SNR above 75 dB and reciprocity error below 0.7% over 7 days at 1 kHz. A clear degradation in performance results with increasing time between automatic calibrations allowing the tailoring of calibration to suit the performance requirements of each application.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Calibration*
  • Electric Impedance*
  • Electrical Equipment and Supplies
  • Equipment Design
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted* / instrumentation
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted* / methods
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted* / standards
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Signal-To-Noise Ratio
  • Tomography* / instrumentation
  • Tomography* / methods
  • Tomography* / standards