High cholesterol intake is associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus - a meta-analysis

Ryoko Tajima; Satoru Kodama; Miho Hirata; Chika Horikawa; Kazuya Fujihara; Yoko Yachi; Sakiko Yoshizawa; Kaoruko Tada Iida; Hirohito Sone

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.001

High cholesterol intake is associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus - a meta-analysis

Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;33(6):946-50. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Mar 13.

Authors

Ryoko Tajima¹, Satoru Kodama², Miho Hirata¹, Chika Horikawa³, Kazuya Fujihara⁴, Yoko Yachi⁵, Sakiko Yoshizawa⁶, Kaoruko Tada Iida¹, Hirohito Sone⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan.
² Department of Health Management Center, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Japan.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Japan.
⁵ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: sone@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.

PMID: 24674850
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.001

Abstract

Background & aims: Some foods rich in cholesterol are associated with high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To confirm the association between dietary cholesterol intake and T2D risk, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Methods: We searched for longitudinal studies that provided data on the relative risk (RR) for T2D in relation to the cholesterol intake level using MEDLINE (from 1950 for July 10, 2013) and EMBASE (from 1974 to July 10, 2013). The RR for the highest vs. lowest cholesterol intake category or for an increment of 100 mg/day in cholesterol consumption was pooled with an inverse-variance method.

Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest category, the highest category had a significantly higher association with T2D risk (RR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.25 [1.16-1.36]). The pooled RR for a 100-mg/day increment was also significant (RR [95% CI], 1.11 [1.06-1.15]).

Conclusion: Current meta-analysis suggested that high intake of cholesterol was positively associated with future T2D risk.

Keywords: Diabetes risk; Dietary cholesterol; Meta-analysis.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Cholesterol, Dietary / administration & dosage*
Cholesterol, Dietary / adverse effects*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology*
Humans
Observational Studies as Topic
Risk Factors

Substances

Cholesterol, Dietary